Friday, December 12, 2014

Devi Shakti

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Krishna Pakshe
Saptami Tithau
Magha Nakshatre

Namaste everyone!

We know that every living thing has a mother and a father. We've seen how God is our father, now let's see how He expresses motherly love for His/Her children.

Now, what do moms do in the first place?

1. They bear their children in their wombs

God is also referred to as Hiranyagarbha (the Golden Womb). This Hiranyagarbha archetype is responsible for creation in the universe. Hiranyagarbha, as a protector of pregnant women and all children, often manifests as a Mother Goddess. This Mother archetype manifests in many forms, but she often is praised as Garbharakshambika (the Mother who protects fetuses).


2. Nourishing the child

Since we are all children of God, the Mother archetype manifests as Annapurna, aka Vishvambhari. She nourishes us by impregnating the earth with various seeds, from which food crops are grown. There is a temple in Varanasi dedicated to Mother Annapurna.

As the story goes, Varanasi fell under a great famine. Jagadamba (God as the Mother of the Universe) manifested in Varanasi as Annapurna. The Raja of Varanasi was at Annapurna's home having lunch, and he wondered, "Who is this chaste lady? She is feeding us like a mother!"

Annapurna, being omniscient, knew what was going on in the Raja's mind, and manifested herself as Adishakti Jagadamba. The Raja knelt at her feet and prayed, "O Mother, please protect us from hunger and sickness!"

"So be it, my child!" said Devi.

The Raja, thus blessed, built a temple to Mother Annapurna.

Even now, Hindus still remember Mother Annapurna during their morning puja, chanting the first verse of Annapurna Stotram.

नित्यानन्दकरी वराभयकरी सौन्दर्यरत्नाकरी
निर्धूताखिलघोरपावनकारी प्रत्यक्षमाहेश्वरी ।
प्रालेयाचलवंशपावनकरी काशीपुराधीश्वरी
भिक्षां देहि कृपावलम्बनकरी मातान्नपूर्णेश्वरी ॥

nityānandakarī varā-bhayakarī saundarya-ratnākarī
nirdhūtā-khila-ghora-pāvanakarī pratyaksa-mahesvari
praleyacala-vamsa-pavanakari kasipuradhisvari
bhiksam dehi krpa-valambanakari matannapurnesvari

" "

3. Protecting the child in times of danger




Lord Siva

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Krishna Pakshe
Panchami Tithau
Ashlesha Nakshatre

Namaste everyone!

This happens to be my fifth blog post, and the topic happens to be Lord Siva. What a coincidence! Lord Siva's mula mantra has five syllables, and he has five faces!!! (If you didn't already notice, it's also Panchami tithi!)



I mentioned the five faces of Siva, yet he is usually depicted in ekamukhi (single face) form. The panchamukhi (five face) form of Siva is shown below.



Siva's mula mantra is the famous "Om Namah Sivaya." However, devotees also chant the Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra in his puja.

ॐ त्र्यम्बकं यजामहे सुगंधिं पुष्टिवर्धनम् उर्वारुकमिवबन्धनात् मृत्योर्मुक्षीय मामृतात्
O tryambaka yajāmahe sugandhi puivardhanam urvārukamivabandhanāt mtyormuksiya mā'mtat

"Om. We worship the three-eyed fragrant Lord, who nurtures all Jivas. Just as a melon is severed from the vine, he severs our ties with maya (illusion)."

In most Siva temples, you will not find Ekamukhi or Panchamukhi Siva. Instead, you will see him worshipped as a Sivalinga. The shape of the Sivalinga is aniconic - not in any one concrete form. This icon represents Nirguna (formless) and Saguna (with a form) in one. The most common offerings to Siva (which are offered over the Sivalinga) are Vilva leaves and Ganga water.

Some people decorate the Sivalinga with various types of flowers too. Here's a photo of my Sivalinga in my home shrine. (Taken Sivaratri 2013)


This is a decorated Sivalinga. You probably can't see the Sivalinga properly due to all those flowers, so here's a photo of a Sivalinga with simpler adornments!!



In all Siva temples, the ritual of Abhisheka is the most important of all puja processes. Lord Siva is said to be "Abhisheka-priya" or one who finds Abhisheka the most pleasing out of all pujas.

The priests chant the 16th chapter of the Yajur Veda while Abhisheka is performed to Siva.

Bye bye for now! Hara Hara Mahadeva!

The next post is on Shakti!!

Wednesday, December 10, 2014

Lord Vishnu

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Krishna Pakshe
Chaturthi Tithau
Budha Vasare
Pushya Nakshatre


Namaste everyone!

If you haven't seen my previous blog posts, here they are!

Namaste! - December 2, 2014

What is Puja? - December 9, 2014

Lord Ganesha - December 10, 2014

After Lord Ganesha, the next Deity (this word will be used to refer to archetypes of Parabrahman from now on) is Lord Vishnu - the Preserver expansion of God.



Vishnu is a popular Deity, and one of the Deities worshiped in Smartha vidhi (Shankaracharya sampradāya). His devotees are known as Vaishnavas, and they fall into one of 4 categories (sampradāya). These 4 main traditions are:

Sri
Rudra (AKA Pushtimarga)
Brahma (AKA Madhva - includes Gaudiya sampradāya /ISKCON)
Nimbarka

Devotees can be initiated or not. Vaishnava initiation involves an acharya or guru bestowing the holy mantra of Vishnu on a devotee. The devotee also is given a new name, usually affixed with dāsa (servant), indicating that the devotee is now the servant of both the guru and the Lord.

Even non-Vaishnavas honor Vishnu in their puja, by chanting the Lord's mantra ॐ नमो नारायणाय (o namo nārāyaāya) or ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय (o namo bhagavate vāsudevāya). The Gaudiya Vaishnavas use the famous Hare Krishna Maha-mantra हरे कृष्ण हरे कृष्ण कृष्ण कृष्ण हरे हरे हरे राम हरे राम राम राम हरे हरे (hare ka hare ka ka ka hare hare hare rāma hare rāma rāma rāma hare hare). The Sri Vaishnavas use the Narayana mantra (the first mantra I described), while the Pushtimarga Vaishnavas use the mantra श्री कृष्ण शरणं मम (śrī ka śarana mama). There are other mantras given at the time of initiation but these are kept secret and should not be shared. Such "hidden" mantras include the two-line Dvayamantra of the Sri Vaishnavas, the 84-letter Brahmasambandha mantra of the Pushtimargis, and the Gopala Mantra).

All Vaishnavas believe strongly in The Lord's Promise - given in the Bhagavad Gita. 

सर्वधर्मान् परित्यज्य । 
मामेकं शरणं व्रज ॥ 
अहं त्वा सर्वपापेभ्यो । 
मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः ॥ 
sarvadharmān parityajya
māmeka śaraa vraja
aha tvā sarvapāpebhyo
mokayiyāmi mā śuca

"Abandon all dharmas and take shelter of Me alone. I will cleanse you of all sins and grant you liberation (from the cycle of reincarnation). Do not fret."
                                                                     - Bhagavad Gita 18:66

Vaishnavas thus make much effort to increase their devotion (bhakti) to the Lord.

In all pujas, Vishnu is venerated similarly as Ganesha, using one of the two basic mantras (Narayana or Vasudeva) and offering the 5 upacharas (offerings). However, if the puja is being done for Vishnu, then 16 upacharas are offered (this is also the case if Ganesha is the Deity being worshiped in the main puja). The 16 upacharas are:

1. Dhyanam (meditation)

2. Avahanam (calling the Lord)

3. Asanam (offering the Lord a seat)

4. Padyam (washing his feet)

5. Arghyam (washing his hands)

6. Achamaniyam (offering the Lord a cup of drinking water)

7. Snanam or Abhishekam (offering water to bathe)

8. Yajnopavitam (offering the sacred thread)

9. Vastram (dressing the Lord in new silks and jewels)

10. Gandham (sandalwood paste)

11. Pushpam (flowers and/or garlands)

12. Dhoopam (incense)

13. Deepam (showing the oil lamp/diya)

14. Naivedyam (offering the Lord something to eat, along with water and betel leaf)

15. Aarti or Mangala Neerajanam (showing the camphor flame to the Lord)

16. Mantrapushpanjali (final offering of flowers - offered with prayers)

Lord Vishnu is worshipped in various forms and iconographies throughout India, including some of his 10 incarnations. His 10 incarnations are:

1. Matsya - the fish



2. Kurma - the turtle



3. Varaha - the boar


4. Narasimha - half-man/half-lion


5. Vamana - the dwarf Brahmin



6. Parasurama - the warrior sage



7. Rama - the ideal king


8. Krishna - the guru of the universe



9. Buddha



10. Kalki - the liberator

The innumerable temples of Vishnu show different iconographies of the Lord as well.


Venkateswara, Tirupati


Guruvayurappan, Guruvayur



Radharamana, Vrindavan


Shrinathji, Nathadwara



Dwarkadhish, Dwarka



Jagannatha (with Balarama and Subhadra), Srikshetra Puri



Anantha Padmanabha Swamy, Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum)



There is a prayer that is chanted in all pujas as obeisance to Vishnu, especially in the Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), and Srimandir (Jagannatha Temple, Srikshetra Puri).

शान्ताकारं भुजगशयनं पद्मनाभं सुरेशं 
विश्वाधारं गगनसदृशं मेघवर्णं शुभांगम । 
लक्ष्मीकान्तं कमलनयनं योगिहृद्धयानागम्यम्
वन्दे विष्णुं भवभयहरं सर्वलोकैकनाथम् ॥

śāntākāra bhujaga-śayana padmanābha sureśa
viśvādhāra gagana-sadśa meghavarna śubhānga
laksmi-kāntam kamalanayanam yogi-hrd-dhyāna gamyam
vande visnum bhava-bhaya-haram sarva-lokaika-nātham 

If you're wondering why Parabrahman's archetypes/expansions look the way they do, I'll be talking about the iconography and symbolism in a future blog post (the next blog post is about Lord Siva).

Peace and blessings to all!!

Thanks for reading!


Lord Ganesha

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Krishna Pakshe
Chaturthi Tithau
Budha Vasare
Pushya Nakshatre


Namaste everyone!

Final exams are upon me now. So let me all introduce you to Ganesha! This expansion, or archetype, of God (Parabrahman) is invoked for removal of obstacles in the beginning of all tasks. He is also invoked for gaining wisdom. So it's quite appropriate that I'm talking about Ganesha at the beginning of exam time!



Ganesha is known by many names that describe his personality, form and attributes. In any puja, Ganesha is venerated first, before any other archetype of Parabrahman. This consists of chanting his mantra ॐ गं गणपतये नमः (o ga gaapataye nama) and offering 5 things. These 5 things are:

Sandalwood paste (gandha)

Flowers (pushpam)

Incense (dhoopam)

Lamp-flame (deepam)

and finally food (naivedyam or bhog)

When the flowers are offered, the worshiper chants 12 names of Ganesha - offering a flower with each name. The 12 names are:

1. सुमुख (Sumukha) - Pleasant countenance

2. एकदन्त (Ekadanta) - One who has a single tusk (Ganesha has the head of an elephant)

3. कपिल (Kapila) - One whose form is dusky hued

4. गजकर्णक (Gajakaraka) - One who has the ears of an elephant

5. लम्बोदर (Lambodara) - Big-bellied

6. विकट (Vikaa) - Great one

7. विघ्ननाशक (Vighnanāśaka) - Destroyer of obstacles

8. विनायक (Vināyaka) - Perfect leader

9. धूम्रकेतु (Dhūmraketu) - Smoky complexion

10. गणाध्यक्ष () - Leader of Lord Siva's attendants (ganas)

11. भालचन्द्र (Bhālacandra) - One who bears the moon on his forehead

12. गजानन (Gajānana) - Elephant-headed

Other prayers to Ganesha are listed below.

शुक्लाम्बरधरं विष्णुं ।
शशिवर्णं चतुर्भुजं ॥
प्रसन्नवदनं ध्यायेत् ।
सर्वविघ्नोपशान्तये ॥

śuklāmbaradhara viu
śaśivara caturbhuja
prasannavadana dhyāyet
sarvavighnopaśāntaye

"Oh Omnipresent Ganesha! You are as beautiful as the moon, clothed in pure white. We meditate upon your pleasant form to remove all obstacles."

वक्रतुण्ड महाकाय ।
सूर्यकोटि समप्रभ ॥
निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव ।
सर्वकार्येशु सर्वदा ॥

vakratua mahākāya
suryakoi samaprabha
nirvighna kuru me deva
sarvakāryeśu sarvadā

"Oh Ganesha with a curved trunk and huge body, you are as effulgent as ten million Suns. Please remove all obstacles in all my tasks, always."

Ganesha's existence came to be when Parvati (one of the Divine Mother archetypes of Parabrahman) scraped off the mixture of sandalwood paste and turmeric from her body. She made a figure from this and breathed life into it. Parvati told the boy to guard the room while she bathed.

Siva (The Destroyer archetype of Parabrahman) soon arrived to Kailasa (his and Parvati's abode). He wanted to go inside, but was stopped by Ganesha. Not knowing the boy's origin, Siva beheaded him in anger.

Seeing her son headless, Parvati became very angry and sad. Siva then commanded his attendants to bring the head of the first living being they saw sleeping with its head facing North. The attendants found an elephant and brought its head to Siva, who then revived Ganesha. He then proclaimed that Ganesha would be the first one to be venerated in any puja.

There you have it! Lord Ganesha!!!

Tuesday, December 9, 2014

What is Puja?

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Krishna Pakshe
Tritiya Tithau
Mangala Vasare
Pushya Nakshatre



Well, I'm glad you asked.

In simple terms, puja is worship. Hinduism is about strengthening your personal connection with God. The first thing you'll need to know is bhakti, or love for God. This is why Hindus make offerings in temples. It's akin to taking a gift for a loved one whom you're visiting.

Puja is by no means restrictive. You can worship however you'd like. You can chant, sing, or meditate in the temple. You can bring an offering. You can even volunteer at the temple as a form of worship.

OK, now we get to the offerings.

As I said earlier, offerings symbolize our love and devotion towards God. In India, many temples have small stores where you can buy offerings. Every year, I visit the Dakshineswar Kali Temple in Kolkata, and buy an offering basket. My particular offering basket contains:

A garland of red hibiscus flowers

A garland of orange marigolds

A saree for the Mother

Bangles for the Mother

Alta (a red dye traditionally used by Bengali women to decorate their hands and feet) and sindoor for the Mother

A chunari (red drape)

Jasmine and lotus flowers

Vilva leaves

Incense

A coconut

and bhog (I will explain the significance of all these items in a later post)

Since the 12 Shiva shrines at Dakshineswar are usually unmanned (no priest), devotees are allowed to personally make their offerings. Being a Shiva worshiper, I carry a basket of offerings for one of these shrines too.

My offerings to Shiva are:

A garland of marigolds

A garland of jasmine or aparajita (a blue flower)

A garland of milkweed buds

Loose flowers (marigold, lotus, aparajita, etc.)

Dhatura flowers and fruits (a favorite offering of Lord Shiva, poisonous flower/fruit - not to be eaten as prasada)

Vilva leaves

Sandalwood paste

500 mL of milk for abhisheka

1 liter of Ganges water for abhisheka (taken from the river next to the temple complex)

A deepam, or oil lamp

A coconut

and incense

Different temples may sell different offerings, and they have many different baskets to choose from. Some baskets may be as simple as bhog and flowers. The basket I choose is usually a complex one similar to the ones described above.

My next few posts will highlight Ganesha, Vishnu, Siva, and Durga.

Tuesday, December 2, 2014

Namaste!

Jaya nama Samvatsare
Mrigasira Mase
Shukla pakshe
Ekadashi tithau
Mangala vasare
Ashvini nakshatre


Namaste everyone! This blog is for Hindus who want to learn all things temple and worship. Since I am a full time college student, forgive me for not blogging as frequently as you'd like. I'm going to try my best, OK!

(The info above is the name of the year in the 60-year samvatsara cycle, the Hindu month, the waxing/waning cycle of the moon, the day in the cycle, the day of the week, and the dominant star. This info will be on every blog post!!)